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Jean-Étienne Liotard (1702 at Geneva–1789 in Geneva) was a Swiss-French painter. although not primarily an Orientalist, his paintings contain some Orientalist themes, notably 'Portrait of Richard Pocoke' (1738), 'Portrait of Monsieur Levett English Merchant in Tatar Costume' (1740), 'Turkish Woman with Maidservant' (1742), and 'Portrait of a Young Black Woman'.
The clothing of Muslims, Christians, Jews, clergy, tradesmen, state and military officials was strictly regulated during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1494-1566). Political crises of the 17th century were reflected as chaos in fashion. The excessively luxurious compulsion of consumption and pretentiousness in the 'Period of Tulips' lasted until the 19th century. While the 'sarık' was replaced by the 'fez', many people also began to wear trousers, 'setre' and 'potin'.<br/><br/> During the 'Tanzimat' and 'Meşrutiyet' periods of the 19th century, common people of Ottoman Turkey kept to their traditional clothing styles, presenting a great contrast with the wealthy who wore 'redingot', jackets, waistcoats, boyunbağı (ties), 'mintan', sharp-pointed and high-heeled shoes.
Jean-Étienne Liotard (1702 at Geneva–1789 in Geneva) was a Swiss-French painter. although not primarily an Orientalist, his paintings contain some Orientalist themes, notably 'Portrait of Richard Pocoke' (1738), 'Portrait of Monsieur Levett English Merchant in Tatar Costume' (1740), 'Turkish Woman with Maidservant' (1742), and 'Portrait of a Young Black Woman'.
Jean-Étienne Liotard (1702 at Geneva–1789 in Geneva) was a Swiss-French painter. although not primarily an Orientalist, his paintings contain some Orientalist themes, notably 'Portrait of Richard Pocoke' (1738), 'Portrait of Monsieur Levett English Merchant in Tatar Costume' (1740), 'Turkish Woman with Maidservant' (1742), and 'Portrait of a Young Black Woman'.
Richard Pocoke (1704-1765) was born at Southampton, some time in the year 1704. After having received a classical education, and acquired a knowledge of several oriental languages, he visited France and Italy; and in 1736, he set out on an expedition to the east. He travelled extensively in Egypt, Syria, Palestine and Turkey, returning to England in 1741. In 1743 he published, in one folio volume, an account of his travels, with maps and plates, under the title 'A Description of the East, and some other Countries', which was succeeded by two other volumes of the same size. He died in 1765.